After the Mid-Qing dynasty, Manchu clothing, called qizhuang, started to influence the women’s hanfu. From the year 2007, various hanfu-related clubs started to appear. Popularity: Hanfu festivals, workshops, and conventions started springing up across major cities in China. Hanfu, the traditional clothing of the Han Chinese, has been attracting more young fans in China and overseas. This deep dive into the nuanced world of Qing Dynasty hanfu, unveils a captivating interplay of tradition, innovation, and societal evolution. A type of stole or tabard worn by women; it was developed from the xia pei worn in Ming dynasty. The bixi was later introduced in Korea during Goryeo and Joseon by the Ming dynasty, along with many garments for royalties. Delving into literary works of the Qing Dynasty unveils vivid descriptions of Han Chinese women adorned in intricate hairstyles and layered garments of vibrant colors and rich fabrics. In unraveling the rich tapestry of Han Chinese women’s attire during the Qing Dynasty, we uncover more than just a display of fabrics and colors.
The pages of literature offer an intimate view into the fashion intricacies that graced the lives of these women, underscoring the importance of attire as a reflection of identity and social standing. In the Tang dynasty, the descendants of the Xianbei and the other non-Chinese people who ruled northern China from 304 – 581 AD lost their ethnic identity and became Chinese; the term Han referred to all people of the Tang dynasty instead of describing the population ruled by the Xianbei elites during the Northern dynasties. The Qing Dynasty was founded and ruled by the Manchus, an ethnic minority that conquered China from the north. Curved hem, popular during the Warring States period, was still used in the early Western Han Dynasty but became less common during the Eastern Han. This changed the traditional method of having a slit at the hem, with the left lapel extended and wrapped around the back, secured with a belt.
457 The blue colour is a symbolism for the east and represents having been descended from the first patriarch of the Quanzhen school, Donghua dijun. The fluttering cape, a garment worn over the dragon robe, introduced a touch of grace with deep blue or slate colors. Comprising the iconic phoenix crown, dragon robe, horse-face skirt, fluttering cape, and leather belt, ceremonial attire epitomized the pinnacle of Han Chinese elegance. Ceremonial attire in the Qing Dynasty was nothing short of a regal affair, embodying the essence of sophistication and tradition. The style was slightly looser than that of the Shang Dynasty. During the Qin and Han periods, curved hem clothing was not only worn by men but also the most common style for women. Curved hem robes appeared, distinguishing themselves from straight-hem clothing by having a continuous lapel. Straight Hem or Curved Hem? The main types of clothing during the Han Dynasty included robes, straight single-layered garments (shenyi), short jackets (ru), and skirts. Clothing during the Han Dynasty could be divided into curved hems and straight hems. However, this culture was severely disrupted by the Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China.
The dragon robe, predominantly red with cloud patterns, featured a round collar, wide sleeves, and elaborate dragon motifs, symbolizing imperial authority and prosperity. The horse-face skirt, often green and referred to as the “official green skirt,” boasted intricate cloud dragon patterns, reinforcing the connection to celestial symbolism. The leather belt, encircling the waist, featured various decorative elements arranged in specific patterns, symbolizing the wearer’s social standing and achievements. They were usually tied at the waist, with some adorned with jade ornaments. To consolidate their power and assimilate the Han Chinese, the majority ethnic group in China, the Manchus imposed a policy called “Tifayifu”, which means “changing clothes and cutting hair”. This policy required all Han men to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of shaving the front of their head and braiding the rest of their hair into a queue, as well as wearing Manchu-style robes called Changshan. The “xiaogua” or small coat, a term colloquially used for the jacket, was characterized by a large right lapel and varied in length but did not extend as far as the robes worn by the Manchu elite.
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